Prof. Cassone states the Darwinian evolution theory, that series of generations of mutations results in organisms evolving to ‘improved’ organism by natural selection. So that’s his argument against ‘Irreducibly Complex’ idea. But, he assumes that the complex organisms, already has their reproduction system all in place. That includes, say for mammals, the male version of the species has the male organs and the female version has the female organs along with mammary gland to feed the ‘infant’. (Obviously, if the infants are not fed, they die and the series of generation stops!) So the BIG question is how did the reproduction system evolved with series of mutation without having reproductive system in the first place? So my challenge to Prof. Cassone is how can he explain this ‘paradox’?

As the age of the universe is now believe to be around 13.5 billions of years old. Both religious and non-religious people alike, the idea that the universe is infinitely old is now thrown out the window. The argument used to be ‘with infinite amount of time available, anything can happen’. But now, the universe is still very old, in billions of years, allowing, first having non-organic process to occur. First having the just the right kind of a star with a planet with the just the right type of the elements needed and the environment to let a living thing to live. After that, the right coincidences/lucks to have the DNA molecule to be come to being by chance. (But we know just having DNA isn’t enough to create life. Today, there are many DNA molecules all over the earth and so a DNA in a dead organism doesn’t come back to life.) The Pro-Darwinian Evolution Group (PDEG) says that with enough time, with billions of years, anything can happen. Since most people can’t imagine what happened billions of years ago, such a long duration of “billions of years� is the PDEG’s weapon. But scientists and mathematicians now accept that it is so unlikely as having life coming by chance. Nevertheless, the phrase ‘but with billions of years of time, anything can happen thus that’s how life came to being’ is the only argument for the PDEG. The usual argument used by PDEG is that with enough time and enough monkeys typing in random, eventually one will have written by chance, Shakespeare’s Hamlet. But the truth is that there isn’t enough time and atoms in the universe to have this happen by chance. Some PDEG people say that even if it is so unlikely to happen, it can happen. As long as the probability is non-zero, it can happen. If the same argument is used, there is a non-zero probability that a one can build a bridge that a person can walk, between the coast of California to the coast of Hawaii, using enough playing cards. With ‘millions and millions’ of attempts, they can argue that a bridge can be built from earth to the moon since the probability is non-zero. So that’s possible too. After all, it’s all non-zero probability. Another ‘weapon’ used by PDEG is ‘billions of years’ or ‘millions of years’ to explain things that could happen. But conveniently, they will not be alive to prove this hypothesis is not correct. Thus this is their ‘escape route’ for their argument. But then, again, there is a non-zero probability that PDEG people can live for millions of years without dying to prove their hypothesis. :-) People get excited when some scientists think that there might be a hint that there is water in other planets, thus saying that there may be life there. Sure, water is necessary, as we know for life to exist. But that’s really simplifying life. Water is really easy to make compared to DNA molecule. Oxygen and hydrogen combining at another planet is easy enough. So what? Obviously, the first segment of DNA cannot mutate to become a more complex DNA molecule because of the ‘survival of the fittest’, since it’s just a molecule, not a living organism yet, and thus just a molecule. It’s like having tons of steel beams and other necessary materials to build the Eiffel Tower in a Paris location and let ‘nature’ (non-intelligent process) do whatever it does. Since unless the Eiffel Tower is built, thus ‘survive’ the steel beams and other materials will be sitting there or just rust away.